We’ve finally arrived at creating our first maps based on the data we imported and cleaned in the previous sessions. The focus of this first session lies on the package tmap to create maps.

1

Let’s start super simple. Import our enhanced district data. Create a map with only the outline of Germany and one where the districts’ borders are visible. Chose a color of your choice for both maps.

solution 

# load libraries
library(tmap)
library(sf)
library(dplyr)

# code based on the original
german_districts <- 
  sf::read_sf("./data/VG250_KRS.shp") %>% 
  dplyr::rename(district_id = AGS)

attributes_districts <-  readr::read_csv("./data/attributes_districts.csv") 
## Rows: 411 Columns: 5
## ── Column specification ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (1): district_id
## dbl (4): population, death_rate, death7_lk, afd_voteshare_2021
## 
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
german_districts_enhanced <- 
  german_districts %>% 
  dplyr::left_join(attributes_districts, by = "district_id") %>% 
  sf::st_transform(crs = 3035)


# start by setting the tmap mode to "plot" for static maps
tmap_mode("plot")   # interactive maps can be designed by changing the mode to "view"
## tmap mode set to plotting
# first maps based on geometrc features
tm_shape(german_districts_enhanced) + # call  the shapefile first
  tm_fill(col = "lightgrey") # fills the polygons without drawing borders

# ... or use tm_polygons
tm_shape(german_districts_enhanced) + 
  tm_polygons(col = "lightblue") # fills the polygons and draws borders

2

In a second step, we want to visualize some information on the German districts contained in the attribute table. Choose the column death_rate and create a map of Covid-19 deaths in Germany. Alternate the map by:

  • add a legend title and change the color palette
  • add a title to the map and change the font color of the title
  • place the legend outside of the map at the bottom
  • …

Assign your map to an object called covid_map.

Combine following options with a plus sign:

  • add a legend title and change the color palette: tm_fill(col = "", title = "", palette = "") +
  • add a title to the map and change the font color of the title: tm_layout(title = "", title.color = "") +
  • place the legend outside: tm_legend(legend.outside = TRUE/FALSE, legend.outside.position = "")
If you run colors(), R returns the names of all built-in colors.

To assign your map to an object, use the arrow <-.

solution 

# plot the covid-19 cases per 100.000 inhabitants
tm_shape(german_districts_enhanced) + 
  tm_fill(col = "death_rate")                   # "col" can be the name of a color or a column name

# change the title of the legend and the color palette
tm_shape(german_districts_enhanced) + 
  tm_fill(col = "death_rate",
          title = "Covid-19 Death Rate",    # add a title to the legend
          palette = "RdPu")                     # change the color palette

# add a title in the color blue
tm_shape(german_districts_enhanced) + 
  tm_fill(col = "death_rate",
          title = "Covid-19 Death Rate",
          palette = "RdPu") +
  tm_layout(title = "Covid Deaths in Germany",        # alternate the overall layout like title
            title.color = "blue" )                   # changes the font color of the title

# place the legend outside of the map to the left
tm_shape(german_districts_enhanced) + 
  tm_fill(col = "death_rate",
          title = "Covid-19 Death Rate",
          palette = "RdPu") +
  tm_layout(title = "Covid Deaths in Germany",
            title.color = "blue" ) +
  tm_legend(legend.outside = TRUE,                  # positions the legend outside           
            legend.outside.position = "left")       # defines legend positions 

# save your map in an object called "covid_map"
covid_map <-  
  tm_shape(german_districts_enhanced) + 
  tm_fill(col = "death_rate",
          title = "Covid-19 Death Rate",
          palette = "RdPu") +
  tm_layout(main.title = "Covid Deaths in Germany",
            main.title.color = "blue" ) +
  tm_legend(legend.outside = TRUE,
            legend.outside.position = "left")